Yintoni umjelo wokukhupha amanzi?

### Yintoni uMjelo woMbhobho?

#### Intshayelelo

Umjelo wokuhambisa amanzi, okwaziwa ngokuba ngumjelo wemisele, umjelo wokutsalwa kwamanzi, okanye umjelo wokuhambisa amanzi, yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yolawulo lwamanzi lwale mihla. Le mijelo yenzelwe ukuqokelela nokuthutha amanzi angaphezulu ngokufanelekileyo, ukuthintela izikhukula, ukhukuliseko, kunye nomonakalo kwiziseko ezingundoqo. Eli nqaku liphonononga iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zemijelo yokuhambisa amanzi, kubandakanywa iintlobo zazo, amacandelo, usetyenziso kunye neenzuzo.

#### Iindidi zemijelo yamanzi

Imijelo yokuhambisa amanzi iza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, nganye ifanele usetyenziso oluthile kunye nokusingqongileyo. Iindidi eziphambili ziquka:

1. **Imijelo yeMijelo yoMmandla**:
- Le mijelo inde, emxinwa eqokelela amanzi ecaleni kwendlela. Zilungele iindawo apho amanzi kufuneka aqokelelwe kwindawo ebanzi, njengeendlela, iindawo zokumisa iimoto namabala emidlalo.

2. **Imibhobho yeSikhala**:
- Imijelo yokubeka iqulathe indawo emxinwa, evulekileyo kumphezulu, kunye nomjelo ofihliweyo ngaphantsi komhlaba. Zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiindawo apho i-aesthetics ibalulekile, njengeeplaza zoluntu kunye neendlela zokuhamba.

3. **Imibhobho yesiFrentshi**:
- Iidreyini zaseFransi zibandakanya umbhobho ovunyiweyo ojikelezwe yigrabile okanye ilitye. Zisetyenziselwa ukuqondisa kwakhona amanzi aphantsi komhlaba kude nendawo, asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiindawo zokuhlala ukukhusela iziseko kunye neziseko.

4. **Imibhobho evuzayo**:
- Le mijelo ivumela amanzi ukuba agqobhoze kumphezulu ukuya kumjelo ongaphantsi komhlaba. Zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa amanzi ezidolophini (SUDS) ukulawula amanzi esiphango ngokwemvelo.

#### Amalungu oMjelo waMajelo oMbhobho

Isixokelelwano somjelo wamanzi esiqhelekileyo siquka izinto ezininzi eziphambili:

1. **Umzimba weChaneli**:
- Esona sakhiwo sigcina amanzi. Ingenziwa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana nekhonkrithi yepolymer, insimbi engenasici, okanye i-high-density polyethylene (HDPE).

2. **Iigrayithi**:
- Ezi zinto zibekwe phezu komjelo ukuthintela ubutyobo ekungeneni ngelixa uvumela amanzi ukuba adlule. Iigrate ziza kuyilo olwahlukeneyo kunye nemathiriyeli, kubandakanya intsimbi ekhandiweyo, iplastiki, kunye nentsimbi.

3. **I-End Caps and Outlets**:
- Ezi zixhobo zisetyenziselwa ukutywina iziphelo zomjelo okanye ukudibanisa umjelo kwinkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi. Iivenkile zihambisa amanzi ukusuka kumjelo ukuya kwindawo yokukhuphela oyifunayo.

4. **Izitya zokubambisa**:
- Ezi ziindawo ezinkulu zokuqokelela ezidibanisa kwimijelo yokuhambisa amanzi. Banceda ukulawula umthamo omkhulu wamanzi kwaye babambe inkunkuma.

5. **Imigibe yentlenga**:
- Ezi zidityanisiwe kwisixokelelwano sokubamba intlenga kwaye iyithintele ekuvaleni imisele.

#### Usetyenziso lweMijelo yoGutyulo

Imijelo yokuhambisa amanzi isetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, nganye ineemfuno ezithile:

1. **Iindlela kunye neeHola**:
- Ukuthintela ukuqokelelwa kwamanzi okunokubangela i-hydroplaning kunye nomonakalo kumphezulu wendlela.

2. **IiNdawo zokuPaka izithuthi**:
- Ukulawula umthamo omkhulu wamanzi angaphezulu kunye nokuthintela izikhukhula.

3. **IiNdawo zokuHlala**:
- Ukukhusela izakhiwo ekonakalisweni kwamanzi nokulawula ukuqukuqela kwamanzi emvula.

4. **IiNdawo zoRhwebo kunye nezoShishino**:
- Ukulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye nokugcina umgangatho okhuselekileyo, owomileyo.

5. **Amabala eMidlalo kunye neeNdawo zoLonwabo**:
- Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iindawo zokudlala zihlala zisebenziseka kwaye zikhuselekile ngokukhupha amanzi angaphezulu ngokufanelekileyo.

6. **IiNdawo zikaWonke-wonke**:
-Ukuphucula i-aesthetics ngelixa ulawula amanzi ngokufanelekileyo kwiindawo ezinjengeeplaza, iipaki, kunye neendawo zabahambi ngeenyawo.

#### IiNzuzo zemijelo yokuhambisa amanzi

Ukusetyenziswa kwemijelo yokuhambisa amanzi kunika izibonelelo ezininzi:

1. **Uthintelo lwezandyondyo**:
- Ngokuqokelela nokuthutha amanzi ngokufanelekileyo, imijelo yokuhambisa amanzi inceda ekuthinteleni izikhukhula kwiindawo zasezidolophini nasezilalini.

2. **Ukhuseleko lweziseko zophuhliso**:
- Ukuhambisa amanzi ngendlela eyiyo kwandisa ubomi beendlela, izakhiwo, kunye nezinye izakhiwo ngokuthintela umonakalo onxulumene namanzi.

3. **Ukhuseleko**:
- Ukunciphisa ukuqokeleleka kwamanzi kumphezulu kunciphisa umngcipheko weengozi, ezifana nokutyibilika okanye i-hydroplaning.

4. **Ukhuseleko lweNdalo**:
- Ngokulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi esiphango, imijelo yokuhambisa amanzi inceda ekunciphiseni ukhukuliseko lomhlaba kwaye ikhusele imijelo yamanzi endalo kungcoliseko.

5. **Uphuculo lobuhle**:
- Iinkqubo zala maxesha zokuthuthwa kwamanzi zingayilwa ukuba zidibane ngokungenamthungo neendawo ezizingqongileyo, ziphucula umtsalane wembonakalo yeendawo zoluntu.

#### Isiphelo

Imijelo yokuhambisa amanzi ibalulekile kwiinkqubo zangoku zolawulo lwamanzi, ukujongana nemingeni ebangelwa ngamanzi aphezu komhlaba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ukusuka kwiindlela noohola bendlela ukuya kwiindawo zokuhlala nezorhwebo, ezi nkqubo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleni izikhukula, ukukhusela iziseko ezingundoqo, nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko. Ukuqonda iintlobo, amacandelo, usetyenziso, kunye neenzuzo zemijelo yokuhambisa amanzi kugxininisa ukubaluleka kwazo ekugcineni imimandla esebenzayo nezinzileyo yasezidolophini neyasemaphandleni. Njengoko iipatheni zemozulu zitshintsha kunye nokukhula kwabantu ezidolophini, indima yezisombululo ezisebenzayo zokuhanjiswa kwamanzi ziya kuba baluleke ngakumbi ekulawuleni ubutyebi bamanzi nokukhusela uluntu.